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Structure: ‘nouns 3’

Fly High English - Structure

This time in our structure help we talk about using ‘a / an’ and ‘the’ with countable singular nouns. We also introduce the idea of indefinite and definite nouns. An indefinite noun is a noun which hasn’t been mentioned before and that you can’t identify by other means. So for example if you’re talking to a person and the person mentions ‘a book’ they read. You don’t know which book this is or it’s name, it’s indefinite, so we need to use ‘a’ before the noun. In the following sentences ‘book’ becomes definite because the listener knows which noun it is, so ‘the’ for example can be used with the noun. e.g.

‘I bought a book last week. The book is very interesting.’

In our second sentences it’s clear which book we’re talking about.

Look at the diagram below for more information.

Using a / an / the with countable singular nous.
Using a / an / the with countable singular nous.

Next week, we’ll talk more about indefinite and definite nouns and when a noun can be definite the first time you mention it.

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Structure: ‘nouns 2’

Fly High English - Structure

This time in our structure help we continue to talk about nouns. This time though, we have a closer look at the words and expressions that we can use before these nouns. As you’ll see in the diagram below we have to use one of these words and expressions before a countable singular noun, but we don’t have to use one before a countable plural or uncountable noun. After you have a look at the diagram, look at the examples below it for further clarification.

Types of nouns
Types of nouns

Example 1; we can’t say ‘I have pen’ because ‘pen’ is a countable singular noun and requires one of the words or expressions before it. So we can say; ‘I have a pen’ or ‘I have my pen’ or ‘I have the pen’ or ‘I have your pen’ and there are many other possibilities, but we have to use one.

Example 2; we can say ‘I have pens’ because pens is a countable plural noun and doesn’t require one of the words or expressions above.

Example 3; we can say ‘I have money’. ‘Money’ is an uncountable noun and also doesn’t require one of the words or expressions above.

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Structure: ‘nouns 1’

Fly High English - Structure

This time in our structure help we talk about nouns. There are different types of nouns and knowing which type of noun you are using can help you to choose which words you can use around the noun. In future posts we’ll talk more about nouns and the words you can use around them, but for now, check out the diagram and the different types of nouns that exist.

Diagram of the types of nouns.
Types of nouns

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Structure: ‘going to’ for future

Form: be + going to + infinitive verb.

It’s necessary to conjugate the verb ‘be’ in the present simple form (I am, you are etc…) and then use ‘going to + infinitive verb. The infinitive verb should be your main verb in this form.

Use 1: talk about future plans which you thought about before you speak.

eg 1: I’m going to meet a friend tomorrow.

Use 2: to talk about future predictions when you’re sure about the prediction.

eg 2: The company is going to hire some new pilots next year.

Take a look at the diagram below for more information, then practice some sentences yourself. It’s also useful to go back and check out using the future simple (will + infinitive verb) and try to clarify the differences for yourself.

Uses of ‘going to’ for the future

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Structure: ‘whether vs if 2’

Fly High English - Structure

This time in our structure help we finish talking about ‘whether’ and ‘if’. To avoid making the explanation too complicated we will only mention one more difference between the two words, there are a couple more uses but we won’t discuss those today, so to keep it simple here’s the third and final difference between the two words.

Diagram showing the differences between 'whether' and 'if'.
The differences between ‘whether’ and ‘if’.

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Structure: ‘whether vs if 1’

Fly High English - Structure

This time in our structure help we talk about the difference between ‘whether’ and ‘if’. These two words can sometimes be used in the same situation but sometimes they can’t. We take a look at when this is possible and when it isn’t. Check out the diagram below to find out more.

Diagram showing the differences between 'whether' and 'if'.
The differences between ‘whether’ and ‘if’.

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